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你喜欢邮件沟通还是面对面?

“见了面什么都好说”,真的是这样吗?到底是面对面沟通合适还是邮件沟通合...
你喜欢邮件沟通还是面对面?

有空吗,出来聊聊?某某先生,我可以在某某时间某某地点拜访您吗?当我们要和朋友谈一件事情或想说服一位客户购买我们的产品时通常会提出的面谈邀请,因为“见了面什么都好说”,真的是这样吗?如果您正在为此烦恼,建议您看看Psytopic介绍的这个说服力研究,它会告诉您到底是面对面沟通合适还是邮件沟通合适。这取决于你们之间的关系密切度,以及双方的性别和个性。-psytopic.com

我们原有的理解以为面对面的沟通会是说服对方最有效的沟通方式。事实上,人与人不可能天天时时都见着面,所以此时此刻,用写邮件的方法来沟通就略胜一筹了。那么这个时候,我们如何通过写邮件来说服对方以达到自己的沟通目的?

有关说服力的研究揭示了一个有趣的现象:跟男性写邮件沟通,效果似乎更好,因为只需通过电脑,无需与对方面对面的交谈,能让男性暂时卸下他们习惯性自大逞强的姿态(Guadagno & Cialdini, 2002)。

面对面的沟通对女性来说,则效果更好,因为面对面时,女性往往会考虑到对方的感受、心情之类,从而做出较温和的反应来配合。但是,这项研究的发现纯粹是从性别上作文章吗?

Guadagno和Cialdini从社会规则上对他们的发现作了如下解释:我们都有一种固有习惯,通常男性属于任务导向,而女性则属于关系导向。因此,在一些关系更显重要的场合中,比如,面对面的交流,女性之间很容易遵循她们的固有习惯,而男性之间则经常被视为“更具挑衅”味道,当男士们相互碰面的时候,更倾向于摆出一副强势的姿态,也因此掩盖了他们自己的真实想法,从而更难说服和沟通。实际上,这个研究提出:通过写邮件来跟男性沟通,可以令他们卸下刻意强势的姿态。不过,如果双方在此之前已经认识,那这种效应就不一定能体现来了。

毕竟,我们对朋友和对陌生人的态度是不一样的。在一篇将要刊登出版的文章里,Guadagno和Cialdini (2007)测试了这个所谓的关系影响。这项研究的问题是:实验时如何处理人物关系从而有效地测试出“有关系”与“无关系”的区别。Guadagno和Cialdini运用了“同一”这个概念,这个概念引用了一种“同性相吸”的观点(Psytopic注:中国的俗语是,物以类聚,人以群分。)。两个人之间的关系越密切,彼此之间的互相帮助就感觉更像是帮助自己一样。所以“同一”概念可以促进互助的行为。“同一”这个概念也可以被视为是依据传统的“圈内”“圈外”二分法的社会行为。Psytopic心理学

对于同群或同类,人们的态度会明显地更加友好。比如,同事。Guadagno和Cialdini做了一个实验,用两种不同的方式,分别去鼓励陌生人去观察对方,“同一”这个概念在实验中很简单地被运用了。第一种方法,Guadagno和Cialdini让两位陌生人做同一份问卷,然后在问卷回答上动了手脚,再拿给两位陌生人看,让他们以为对方这个陌生人跟自己原来是同类的。第二种,就是让他们以为对方这个陌生人的性格跟自己南辕北辙。在第一种安排中,两位陌生人受到“同一”想法的鼓励,进而相互沟通;而第二种方式下的陌生人却没有得到任何激励自己的理由去与对方沟通。然后,在这个实验的基础上,两队陌生人尝试去说服对方。

研究结果显示,当男人之间的“同一”概念水平很低时,写邮件与他们沟通比较有效。相反地,对女人来说,这个“同一”概念的水平越高,面对面沟通的效果就越好。这些研究发现是怎么解释的呢?用邮件沟通,女人可能没那么容易被说服,因为缺乏面对面交流,从建立关系进而改变态度的机率就会很小。而男性,在邮件里会更少显得强硬并更好地把注意力集中在问题重点上,而不是像面对面沟通时,视对方为对手,处处警惕,从而无法认真理解问题所在。

需要注意的是,刚才提到“这项研究的发现纯粹是从性别上作文章吗”,这个研究从男性-女性之间的反应指出,这些效应同时也会出现在男性或女性之内。换句话,不是所有女性都卖“关系”的帐,也不是所有男性的态度都那么强硬。这一点似乎很明显,但主流的心理实验研究中也经常犯这一个错误。另外,那些主流研究实验的其中一个不足,是他们只局限于相同性别之间的沟通。建议不要从男女角度来思考这项研究,而从个体关系上去思考会更好一些。所以,如果你想说服某个跟你关系不是太好的人,不管他们是男是女,用邮件来沟通会是更好的选择。

另一方面,如果你想说服的对像跟你关系很不错,那么面对面交谈就更胜一筹了。可惜不幸地,我们不可能天天跟某人见着面,因此网上交流跟面对面沟通有着异曲同工之妙。

文章参考:

Guadagno, R. E., & Cialdini, R. B. (2002).
Online persuasion: an examination of gender differences in computer mediated interpersonal influence.
Group Dynamics: Theory Research and Practice, 6, 38-51.Guadagno, R., & Cialdini, R. (2007).
Persuade him by email, but see her in person: Online persuasion revisited. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 999-1015.

原文阅读:Communicating Persuasively: Email or Face-to-Face?

本文由kiki翻译,PsyBlog(英国专业心理学网站)授权Psytopic翻译该文,原文版权归PsyBlog所有,译文版权归Psytopic所有。
Psytopic sincerely appreciate PsyBlog (professional psychology website from Britain) for giving the authorization of translating this article. Original Copyright belongs to PsyBlog.

UPDATED 2007-11-23
感谢Psytopic网友Asun指正两处错别字Psytopic.com

如果您对这篇文章感兴趣,相信你会对PSYTOPIC同样感兴趣,网址是Psytopic.com ,这次点击一定不会浪费您的时间。
The time it comes chat? Mr. Doe, in a certain time I can visit certain places you? When we need to talk about one thing and friends or to convince a customer to buy our products are usually made at the invitation of the interview, because "look at everything met," this is really the case? If you are for this problem, we recommend you take a look at this Psytopic presented convincing studies, it will tell you face-to-face communication in the end is suitable or appropriate e-mail communication. This depends on the close relationship between you, and the two sides of the gender and personality. -- Psytopic.com

Our original perception that the face-to-face communication will be most effective is to persuade the other communication means. In fact, people can not always have见着face every day, at this very moment, the method used to write e-mail to communicate on the edge. Well, this time, how are we going to convince mail written by the other party in order to achieve their communication objectives?

The convincing study reveals an interesting phenomenon: write e-mail to communicate with the men, the effect seems to be better, because only through computers, without face-to-face talks with each other, they can unload men temporarily customary arrogance to do the posture (Guadagno & Cialdini, 2002).

Face-to-face communication for women, the effects are better, because face-to-face, women tend to take into account each other's feelings, such feelings, thus making more moderate response to cope with. However, the study found that gender is purely from the shores?

Guadagno and Cialdini from the social rules of their discovery made the following interpretation: we have an inherent habit, usually men are task-oriented, while women are relationship-oriented. Therefore, the relationship is more important in a number of occasions, for example, face-to-face exchanges between the women can easily follow their natural habits, and the male is often regarded as among the "more provocative" flavor, when men mutual meet at more inclined assumed a strong posture, thus conceal their true thinking and thus more difficult to convince, and communication. In fact, this study: writing e-mail to communicate with the men, so that they can be unloaded deliberately strong gesture. However, if the two sides have recognized before, that this effect will not necessarily be reflected came.


After all, our friends and strangers on the attitude is different. To be published in an article published, Guadagno and Cialdini (2007) tested the impact of this so-called relationship. The study of the question is: how to deal with experiments figures relations to effectively test a "relationship" with "no relationship" with the distinction. Guadagno and Cialdini use of the "same" concept, which cited a "homosexual PHASE" point of view (Psytopic Note: China's saying yes,物以类聚, dividing people into groups). The relationship between the two people more closely, mutual help among the feeling is more like the same help themselves. Therefore, "the same" concept can promote mutual assistance act. "The same" concept can also be seen as based on the traditional concept of "insiders" and "outsiders" dichotomy of social behavior.


For the same or similar groups, people's attitudes will obviously more friendly. For example, my colleagues. Guadagno and Cialdini done an experiment, using two different methods, namely to encourage strangers to observe each other, "the same" concept is very simple experiment to be used. The first method, Guadagno and Cialdini let two strangers doing the same questionnaire, and then answered a questionnaire on the hands and feet moving, repeatedly used to the two strangers, let them think that the other side is the original strangers with their own similar. The second is to allow them to think that the other side of this character with strangers their own poles apart. In the first arrangement, the two strangers were "the same" idea of encouragement, in turn communicate with each other, while the second mode of strangers has not received any incentive own reasons to communicate with each other. Then, on the basis of this experiment, two strangers trying to convince the other party.

The results showed that when men between the "same" low level concept, write e-mail to communicate with them more effective. On the contrary, the woman, this "same" concept of the higher level, the effect of face-to-face communication, the better. These studies found to be how to explain? Use e-mail communication, and women may not be so easy to be convinced, because of the lack of face-to-face exchanges, the establishment of relations from which the probability of a change of attitude will be very small. While men in the mail, it will be less hard-line and to better focus on key issues, rather than face-to-face communication, regard each other as rivals, always vigilant, thus unable to seriously understand where the problem lies.


It is noteworthy that just mentioned, "the study found that gender is purely from the shores?", The study from the men - women between the reaction that these effects at the same time will appear in male or female within. In other words, not all women are sold "relationship" accounts, not all men's attitudes have to be that tough. This point appears to be very obvious, but the psychological mainstream experimental studies are often committed this a mistake. In addition, those mainstream research trials less than one, is their only communication between the same sex. Proposed not from the perspective of men and women to consider such a study and relations boost from the Individual Consideration will be better. So, if you want to convince your relationship with a certain person is not very good, whether they are male or female, use e-mail to communicate will be a better choice.

On the other hand, if you want to convince the like with you on the very good relations, then beaten on the face-to-face conversations. Unfortunately Unfortunately, we can not with a person见着face every day, face-to-face communication with the online exchanges have similar Miao.


Article reference:

Guadagno, RE, & Cialdini, RB (2002).
Online persuasion: an examination of gender differences in computer mediated interpersonal influence.
Group Dynamics: Theory Research and Practice, 6, 38-51.Guadagno, R., & Cialdini, R. (2007).
Persuade him by email, but see her in person: Online persuasion revisited. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 999-1015.

suggest a better translation.



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  1. Asun:2007-11-23 10:01 AM

    1

    很有趣的调研,学习。

    偶然看到的俩错别字,呵呵:
    “(Psytoic注:中国的俗语是,物以类聚,人以群人。)。”
    前面丢了一个字母p,后面人以群“分”。

  2. Moses:2007-11-23 10:20 AM

    2

    原来如此

  3. jackielin:2007-11-23 12:33 PM

    3

    那用电话沟通是属于哪一类呢?有时候邮件沟通效果不是很好。

  4. wudong:2007-11-23 12:53 PM

    4

    电话沟通似乎介于两者之间,但因为没有面对面,也可以算作“邮件类”吧

  5. +1
    芒果的季节:2007-11-23 17:06 PM

    5

    这个道理似乎很早之前就明白,不过一直没有总结,男人与男人沟通一般都很强势的,因为做到中庸是很难的

  6. onekuka:2007-11-23 17:41 PM

    6

    也许我更喜欢邮件沟通。这种时侯的确可以更多的把精力放在需要解决的事情上

  7. DZL:2007-11-23 20:05 PM

    7

    我更喜欢面对面,有很多细节感知的东西不会被忽略,更直观点吧

  8. qiweing:2007-11-24 0:07 AM

    8

    和不熟的人还是用邮件好说事些
    不过要是熟人 就更喜欢见面聊了

  9. yiyi:2007-11-24 5:31 AM

    9

    卖“关系”的帐—买账吧

  10. 木子四:2007-11-24 11:27 AM

    10

    向女老师答辩论文通过率更高

  11. din012:2007-11-24 11:59 AM

    11

    要不要见面谈,视事情的复杂程度而定 :)

  12. rere:2007-11-24 13:49 PM

    12

    性别看来真的是男女不同的根源.

  13. +1
    :2007-11-25 2:40 AM

    13

    不管怎么说,真理第一,方式第二。

  14. selene:2007-11-25 12:02 PM

    14

    不同的人不同的事件不同的方式吧~
    不过本人还是比较喜欢FACE TO FACE~嘿嘿

  15. 华华:2007-11-26 11:12 AM

    15

    我喜欢用邮件,工作中很多话语更适合书面方式,而且有依据。

  16. 小猪:2007-11-26 11:32 AM

    16

    如果是沟通,那还是面对面更好。如果是表达内心活动什么的,用文字好像更好一些。

  17. 蓝儿:2007-11-30 2:15 AM

    17

    如果是抒情地表达自己内心想法的,用文字更好一点

  18. +1
    michelle:2007-12-01 5:00 AM

    18

    比较认同,跟男性写邮件沟通,效果似乎更好,因为只需通过电脑,无需与对方面对面的交谈,能让男性暂时卸下他们习惯性自大逞强的姿态(并且我说些什么事情他都没办法反驳,嗬嗬~~)。

  19. 思白:2007-12-22 9:27 AM

    19

    我比较倾向用邮件沟通

    但是有时候要根据谈论的是什么事情来做决定是否见面

  20. +2
    ego:2008-02-06 17:57 PM

    20

    有没有什么延伸意义值得我们思考呢,比如在促销当中,面对男性提供更多竞争性的互动游戏,相反为女生提供更多靠默契完成的任务,是否可以提高两者的参与欲望,从而提高吸引力呢,抛砖引玉一下:)

  21. evilgreyzone:2008-06-30 14:03 PM

    21

    因人而异

  22. +1
    karida:2008-11-27 13:19 PM

    22

    科技信息的发达,使得人际传播越来越淡漠,很多城市的上班族都患上了“媒介综合症”,人们也越来越依赖网络和电视,杂志等媒介,把自己封闭在信息爆炸的平台中。人们发明在、了网络和电视,并不是用这种媒介来控制人类的思维,而是用这种媒介服务于人类的创造工作。
    上个世纪的电视儿童再到21世纪的的“网瘾”问题。科技的发达在某种程度上成为了我们面对面交流的一个障碍。

  23. Little1:2010-07-31 17:42 PM

    23

    貌似电邮或书信说得更明白啊~越来越感觉面对面交流是一种挑战耶

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