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“行为的塑造”把你从惰性中拯救出来

所为“行为的塑造”,就是通过小步反馈帮助我们达到目标。斯金纳说"教育就...
我站在靠近天的地方 / 张开双臂 / 给自己力量  
“行为的塑造”把你从惰性中拯救出来

所为“行为的塑造”,就是通过小步反馈帮助我们达到目标。斯金纳说”教育就是塑造行为”;那么我们该如何“教育”自己的惰性,通过强化去塑造行为呢?斯金纳采用连续接近(successive approximation)的方法,对趋向于所要塑造的行为方向不断地给予强化,直到引出所需要的新行为。例如,训练鸽子或老鼠头抬到一定的高度,只有当其头朝着实验所需的方向抬起来时才强化,下一次要求再多一点,直到全部达到所需的方向和高度。这时,新的行为就塑造成了。我们是否也可以用这种方法来拯救噢我们的惰性呢?-psytopic.com

一般在学习和生活中,我们都可能有这样的经验,就是当说想要作某件事情的时候,但过了好久发现还是没有做;或者觉得有力气使不出来;或者总觉得生活是灰色和抑郁的等等。

这类情况反应在生活中,就是生活好象总是被一种惰性缠绕,知道那不好,但又不知道从何处入手来改变。

从心理学操作性反射的原则为基础,对于人类的行为方式进行观察后,心理学家提出这样一种改进方式,以纠正惰性生活方式,并由这种惰性生活方式的结束而带来整个人生的良性改变。这也叫普瑞马法则。

普瑞马法则:就是如果把一件更难完成的事情放在比较容易完成的事情前面做。那更难完成的事情就可以成为比较容易完成的事情的强化刺激。换句话说,把不愿意干的任务或者工作放在喜欢完成的任务之前。如果经常完成困难的、有挑战性的任务,那么工作能力就会增长;相反的话,工作能力就要下降。也就是说,把好玩的事情留在后面做。

这种设定是任务导向而不是时间导向,也就是设定任务而不是设定时间。比如,“我每天要完成N的学习量”,而不是“我每天看N个小时的学习书”。当人按照时间计划来工作时,他所关心的是干了多少时间而不是工作的进度,而当人按照完成任务的数量的计划工作时,就能控制住整个的进度。工作的进度决定了工作什么时候被完成,工作者什么时候可以“休息”,这样,就能够有效地完成工作而不再受工作的限制。Psytopic.com

你如果有兴趣坚持尝试一周以下方式,你会发现你整个人会很不同了,如果能继续坚持,那惰性生活方式就会永远不敢再接近你,而你将在人生获得你愿意的成就。

先可以用一天到两天时间给自己作一个行为记录,把你通常每天要作的事情记下来,这包括记录你所有的生活活动。这样你即使粗粗的记,大约也会有几十件。然后把其中一些如果吃饭等必须完成的事情剔除。在此之后,你把剩余下来的几十件事情按照你的兴趣排列,把你最不喜欢作的事情放在第一位,把你最喜欢作的事情放在最后一位。

最后,你就可以在以后一周内进行行动了,每天一早起来,从你最不喜欢的事情开始作起,并且坚持作完第一件事情,再作第二件事情……这么一直作到最后一件你喜欢的事情。

在整个过程中,你开始会稍觉得困难,但你只要花很少的力气稍稍坚持,你就能顺利进行下去。千万在中途不要跳跃那个先作不喜欢的再作喜欢的计划。

这种方式是一种强化作用的方式,先一件困难的事情完成后,再作稍困难的事情,那是一种对于前面行动的强化,然后继续,强化的效果会越来越大,一直大到你觉得你有力量来完成任何事情。

对于改变惰性生活方式,这种方式具有很大的效果。而对于经常抑郁心情的人,这种生活方式将直接改变表现为抑郁的行为,而很容易的使抑郁的情绪结束,而只要坚持,抑郁的生活方式就会永远结束。通过结束惰性或抑郁的行为,而结束惰性或抑郁的心理。

如果你试试,并且多一些坚持,你将发现这是多么有趣的事情。

扩展阅读:

书籍:《战胜自身惰性的法宝》

(10+2)*5把你从惰性中拯救出来

UPDATE 2010-10-06: 感谢网友MayHow修正单词approximation拼写错误。Psytopic.com

如果您对这篇文章感兴趣,相信你会对PSYTOPIC同样感兴趣,网址是Psytopic.com ,这次点击一定不会浪费您的时间。

"Behavior shaping" to rescue you from the inert

By the "behavior shaping" is the feedback through the small steps to help us achieve our objectives. Skinner said that "education is the shaping behavior"; So how can we "educate" their own inertia, by strengthening to shape behavior? Skinner by continuous close (successive appoximation) method, tend to shape the behavior of the direction to be given to strengthening constantly, until the new behavior leads to the need. For example, trained pigeons or rats first carried to a certain height, and only when its head up towards the direction of an experiment to only intensify the next required a little more, until all the required direction and height. At this time, the new behavior into shape. We can also use this method to save the inert Oh, we do? -Psytopic.com

General learning and life, we all could have such a experience, Jiu Shi Xiang Yao Zuo something Dang said the situation once, but after a long when there were no Zuo; Huozhejuede have strength Shi does not come out; or Zong think life yes gray and depression and so on.

Response to such situations in life, is life always seem to be an inert wound, knowing that bad, but do not know where to start to change.

Operational principle of reflection from a psychological basis for the observation of human behavior, the psychologist to make such an improved method to correct the lazy way of life, way of life by the end of the inertia brought the whole life positive change. It also called Pu Ruima rule.

Pu Ruima law: that is more difficult to complete if a relatively easy matter to complete the things on the front to do. More difficult to complete something that can become easier to accomplish in enhanced stimulation. In other words, to prefer not to work on the task or tasks like before. If the regular completion of difficult, challenging tasks, then the ability to work will increase; on the contrary, then the ability to work would decline. In other words, the fun things to do to stay in the back.

This set is a task-oriented rather than time-oriented, which is set tasks, rather than setting time. For example, "I study every day to complete the N quantity" rather than "Every day I read the book N hours of learning." When people plan to work in accordance with the time, he is concerned about is how much time did not work in progress, and when the number of tasks in accordance with the plan to complete the work, you can control the progress of the whole. Determine the progress of work when work is completed, when workers can "rest", so that we can effectively complete the work without the restrictions will no longer work.

If you are interested in the following ways persist try a week, you will find the people you will be very different, if we can continue to uphold that noble way of life will never dare again close to you, and you will get in life you want success.

First available day to two days for a behavior to their own records, you usually make a day of things down, this includes records of all your life activities. Even if you rough it in mind that there will be dozens of items about. Then some of them must be completed if eating something removed. After that, you put out the remainder of the dozens of things arranged according to your interests, your least favorite things to make the first place, to make your favorite thing on the last one.

Finally, you can conduct operations in the future Le Nei week, get up early every day, from your least favorite thing Kai Shizuo play, Bingqiejianchi to complete the first 件 thing for a second ... ... so things have been Zuodao The last thing you like.

Throughout the process, you begin to feel will be a little difficult, but you only spend very little effort to slightly adhere to, you can go on smoothly. Do not jump in the middle of that first make love again do not like the plan.

This approach is an enhanced role in De manner of things done before a difficult, the difficult task a little further, it is a front operation for the strengthening, and then continue, strengthen the Xiaoguo be growing, Yi Zhi as large as you think you have the power to accomplish anything.

For inert lifestyle change, this approach has great effect. For those who frequently depressed mood, the lifestyle changes will be directly reflected depressive behavior, and it is easy to end the mood of depression, but only insisted that depression will never end the way of life. Through the end of the inert or depressed behavior, and the end of the psychological inertia or depression.

If you try, and more insist, this is what you will find interesting.

Extended reading:

Book: "a magic weapon over their own inertia,"
http://book.psytopic.com/book/a-magic-weapon-to-overcome-ir-own-inertia.html

(10 +2) * 5 rescue you from the inert
http://www.psytopic.com/mag/post/10-2-5-you-save-from-inert.html/comment-page-2 # comments



suggest a better translation.



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  1. 二十岁最后的暑假:2010-08-29 17:21 PM

    1

    沙发。。。
    不错的文章,谢谢~

  2. 亿左:2010-08-29 18:26 PM

    2

    我也曾经是这样做的。
    难的先做。易的慢。
    但是,每天做计划真的坚持不下来。
    好恨自己,如果,能坚持下来,一定会有效的。

  3. roger218:2010-08-29 21:24 PM

    3

    有强烈的改变动机,并且有人指导或者监督,效果会更好。

  4. bllaune.:2010-08-29 21:32 PM

    4

    That sounds so good .I’ll try .

  5. heartcool:2010-08-29 22:23 PM

    5

    相当不错哈,求站长联系QQ哈,这么好的站

  6. wes.H:2010-08-30 1:19 AM

    6

    很难执行,对于执行力差的人来说…..same to me~

  7. panda:2010-08-30 12:47 PM

    7

    听起来好像很好的样子 准备下个礼拜开始试试

  8. Raymond:2010-08-30 14:55 PM

    8

    @我想对 heartcool 说:
    站长是个忙人,不怎么聊QQ的;你可以发送电邮给他,contact@psytopic.com

  9. Ivy:2010-09-02 15:55 PM

    9

    It`s very good! I like this,I want to try

  10. 小魔鬼:2010-09-02 21:17 PM

    10

    文章真的不错,希望以后的日子我能坚持!学习心理学!加油哦小兔

  11. chhwang:2010-09-11 2:32 AM

    11

    好文,我要明天就開始試試…

  12. vivi:2010-09-11 22:53 PM

    12

    我也要试试,坚持,总会成功的~~~

  13. windlord:2010-09-11 22:55 PM

    13

    很有道理啊,试试

  14. 托斯卡尼:2010-09-14 22:32 PM

    14

    可以转载吗?我会注明出处的。

  15. 心静沉香:2010-09-20 22:05 PM

    15

    方法很不错,但首先要有自己的目标才行。很好,收藏了。

  16. MayHow:2010-09-21 13:10 PM

    16

    连续接近的英文注释有拼写错误

  17. Guest:2010-09-22 12:30 PM

    17

    I hope so.

  18. 苑苑:2010-10-01 11:41 AM

    18

    Good!

  19. 光尘:2010-10-02 21:43 PM

    19

    楼主正解,感觉非常贴切,我决定采用,稍后会把自身体验告知大家很感谢楼主~

  20. OASIS:2010-10-10 14:45 PM

    20

    曾今用过的方法。。但是很久没坚持那样做了,看来我是相当懒了

  21. ZeusS-|:2010-10-20 1:13 AM

    21

    决定这样做了 ^_^ 先苦后甜 谢了.

  22. 孤独蔷薇的微笑:2010-10-25 21:31 PM

    22

    很想尝试,可是就怕不能坚持。

  23. Guest:2010-10-28 23:20 PM

    23

    我相信坚持就是胜利,为我加油吧。

  24. Afino Gan:2010-12-03 1:38 AM

    24

    我愿意一试。

  25. 冲动的惩罚:2010-12-03 14:41 PM

    25

    我打算明天试试

  26. Wilson:2010-12-04 23:02 PM

    26

    我觉得这方法不错,很有效…

  27. Sinjon:2010-12-05 23:25 PM

    27

    我很喜欢这个网站,每次光顾都会有成长.

  28. dream。com:2010-12-27 20:40 PM

    28

    我觉得有哪位朋友需要监督,我们可以互相监督,然后共同进步!觉得可以的请加Q,注明改变懒惰!413402584

  29. Rain:2011-01-17 13:32 PM

    29

    办法不错哦,,我愿意试一试哦。

  30. XY:2011-02-12 16:16 PM

    30

    我个人认为真正惰的人(从骨子里或者可以说遗传基因里就惰的人),不可能被拯救出来的。正如我们所知道的很多涉及一个人秉性的东西至死都无法改变,不是通过后天的培训、学习、训练等能改变的;不象一些专业技术的东西可以改变。够惰的人他根本不可能能按照此建议列计划的,即使列了一下也是一时的心血来潮持久不了的。人之“命”不可强求。性格(人之秉性)决定命运是很有道理的。如果人人通过这样或那样的训练、培训、学习等手段都能改变岂不都“完美”了?不就没有差异和不同了?

  31. 小彤:2011-02-24 16:30 PM

    31

    建议确实不错。可尝试!

  32. 我这么懒也可以吗:2011-03-18 22:45 PM

    32

    我非常懒也可以吗?

  33. Guest:2011-04-10 11:58 AM

    33

    很多人考试喜欢先把难题做出来,这种行为是不是普瑞马法则?

  34. Guest:2011-04-13 19:29 PM

    34

    呵呵

  35. gsh:2011-04-14 21:30 PM

    35

    太过夸大效果了吧,有点像气功师在夸自己的功法如何有奇效
    人(的惰)性是很难改变的

  36. gsh:2011-04-14 21:36 PM

    36

    如果你真的能按上述计划坚持下去 估计你本来也就不是懒人了 你只要向自己下命令就行了 又何须寻找什么妙法呢 人性是不易改变的

  37. 雾一般的青春:2011-04-16 13:26 PM

    37

    不管可以不可以,为了更好,只为一试!!!

  38. gsh:2011-04-20 21:50 PM

    38

    没办法的办法
    只好一试
    什么后果
    让人更沮丧灰心么

  39. TISSUE:2011-05-13 16:44 PM

    39

    站长这个也只是建议 不知道有没有实践过,如果大家觉得行不通可以不尝试的。但我觉得这个没坏处 说不定真能改掉,那就要谢谢站长咯!咳咳

  40. 嗯嗯。:2011-06-01 10:13 AM

    40

    呃。我是个学生 不喜欢学习 总是上课睡觉。越来越懒了…昨天数学小测 突然间一二三选择题都不会 就做后面的解答题 做完后再做前面的 感觉很简单的 做得也很快 这种做法好像跟这个很像 所以 决定试一试了——

  41. Vesta:2011-07-06 18:19 PM

    41

    -发现这种方法的人好厉害啊

  42. 水玻璃:2011-07-16 14:11 PM

    42

    这个方式,我在小强升职记里面也看见过….

  43. ···:2011-07-27 15:59 PM

    43

    不错 尝试一下

  44. eric:2011-09-15 0:37 AM

    44

    很好的文章,其实现在的人最缺的就是这类的文章…

  45. ILJOY:2011-11-09 11:33 AM

    45

    真心认为 deadline到了 自然而然就不会有惰性了。。虽然这是个很不好的现状。但是不可否认的存在~~比如像我 T_T~~~~

  46. Nf.zhang:2011-11-23 21:51 PM

    46

    惰性是什么,能说明白点吗?难道不是因为有了惰性才有了车?

  47. livbcx:2011-12-06 20:17 PM

    47

    试试吧,不知道效果如何,但凡对自己有要求的看到后都会试试的。

  48. 555:2011-12-28 16:54 PM

    48

    454

  49. 555:2011-12-28 16:54 PM

    49

    54465

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